c. A.D. 990 x 1001. Will of Æthelgifu, including bequests of land at Westwick (in St Albans), Gaddesden, Herts.; Langford, Clifton, Beds.; Munden, Standon, Offley, Tewin, Herts.; Weedon, Bucks.; London; Watford, Herts.; and Thrope; the beneficiaries including St Albans Abbey and (? the churches of) Hitchin, Braughing and Welwyn, Herts. Latin and English versions with English bounds

Archive:

St Albans

MSS:

1. Princeton, Scheide Library, M 140 (s. x/xi; English; BA Facs. 15; Whitelock et al. 1968)
2. Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale, 7965-73 (3723), ff. 166r-167r (s. xvii)
3. Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale, 7965-73 (3723), ff. 165v-166r (s. xvii)
4. London, British Library, Cotton Nero D. I, ff. 149-61, f. 152r (s. xiii)

Printed:

Watts, Additamenta, pp. 243-4 , Latin version, ex MS 4; K, 410, Latin version, ex MS 4; Mon. Angl. (rev. edn), ii. 226 (no. 12) , Latin version, ex MS 4; Thorpe, pp. 497-9 , Latin version, ex MS 4; Luard, Additamenta, pp. 12-15 , Latin version, ex MS 4; B, 812, Latin version, ex MS 4; Pierquin, Recueil, pt 2, no. 85 , Latin version, ex MS 4; Whitelock 1968, English version, ex MS 1, with translation

Comments:

Fowler 1920, no. 5; PN Beds. and Hunts., p. 169; Whitelock 1968, original; Finberg 1972, pp. 497-8; Brooke and Keir 1975, p. 368, cited; Hart, ECNE, no. 11A (p. 66), original; Gelling, ECTV, no. 171 (pp. 18-19, 85-6, 113), original; Keynes 1980, p. 187 n. 115; Pelteret 1986, p. 483; Wormald 1988, no. 65; BA Facs., p. 6; Dumville 1993, p. 30 n. 101, cited with reference to script; Keynes 1993, p. 268, on MSS 2, 3; Keynes 1993b, p. 305, on history of MS 1; Lowe 1993a, on vocabulary; Dumville 1994, p. 146 n. 75, cited; Pelteret 1995, pp. 112-19, 129, 300, 330-4, queries details of Whitelock's interpretation; Faith 1997, pp. 63, 168, cited; Foot 2000, II. 183-6; Wareham 2001, pp. 390-4; Thompson 2006, p. 78, on script

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    • Endorsement: De Standune. De offanlege. De Gatesdune. 7 Westwike. 7 aliis opib; Ætheliua. Sco Albano. + æˇelgifu cy∂ hire cwide hire cynehlaforde 7 hire hlæfdian 7 hire freondon hwæt hio gode wile don hwæt hire hlaforde hwæt hire freondon ˇæt is hyre hlaforde ˇam cynge .xxx. mancessa goldes. 7 twegen stedan ˇe him to beodonne bio∂ 7 mine headerhundas 7 mire hlæfdian .xxx. mancessa goldes 7 ˇæt lond æt westwicum swa gewered 7 ˇæt lond æt gætesdene into sancte albane on ˇa gerad ˇæt æfra ˇa munecas his brucan gemænsumlice?a 7 xxx. mancessa goldes 7 xxx. oxana. xx. of gætesdæne 7 x. of acyrsce 7 xx. cuna .x. of gætesdene .x. of acyrsce 7 drifo mon ˇæt ongen hire lic 7 o∂er healf hund sceapa of langaforda .l. ewna mid heora lambum 7 .l. gyldscepa 7 æt acyrsce ane heorde swina. 7 ˇæne heorde mid. 7 frige mon of ˇam tune ymman 7 ealdelm. 7 wulfhelm. 7 his bearn. 7 siwynne gingran sunu. 7 ˇa o∂re ealle into sancte albane. 7 twa sealfrene cuppan 7 twegen hornas 7 ane boc 7 ˇæt betste wahrift 7 ˇæt betste setrægl for hio; 7 for hire hlafordes sawle; æt gætesdene fryoge mon eadmund 7 his sunu 7 heahulf 7 ea'd'wig.?b æˇelwine 7 his wif selle mon æˇelstane. 7 freoge mon hira cild. 7 freoge mon heora cild; wynstan 7 heremod 7 cu∂mundes dohter 7 osmund 7 his wif into sancte albane. 7 ˇæt land æt langaforda ælfno∂e his dæg. 7 v. men 7 mangod 7 mantat freo.?c . 7 wine mylnere 7 ˇæs swanes sunu 7 wif 7 ˇone gingran sceaphyrde hæbbe æ'l'fno∂ 7 cc. sceapa .c. hund ewna 7 c. geldsceapa 7 ˇa heorde swina 7 an sylh∂a oxana 7 iiii. oxan on ˇa gerad ˇe he selle ælce gære into hyccan. ˇreo dægfeorma 7 ofor his dæg ˇæt land æt langaforda æt langaforda into hyccan 7 leofwine mire swyster suna ˇæt lon æt cliftune him 7 eadric 7 his wif 7 freoge mon heora cild; 7 l. ewna mid heora lombum into hiccan of langaforda 7 l. sceapa into bedaforda 7 xxx to flittan 7 xx. to æsceswellan 7 x to heanhlæwe butan hio feoh hæbbe geˇence mon ˇa nehtwæccan mid ˇam oforeacan 7 hire preoston 7 ˇa healfan hide ˇe wineman ahte into ˇære cyrcan 7 freoge mon eadwine preost 7 hæbbe he ˇa cyrcan his dæg on ˇa gerad ˇe he hi?d abotege 7 selle him man anne mannan 7 freoge man ufic 7 ˇone fullere byrhstanes swustur into standune eadwine on ˇa gerad ˇe heo 7 hire hlaford habban ælce gere on ælcere wucan .iii. mæssan 7 a heora gebedrædenne arære 7 freoge man tiddulf 7 bogan 7 domic 7 his wif 7 siric 7 his steopdohtur. 7 ælfwy∂e hæbbe eadwine freo 7 hire cild 7 ˇæs mylneres wif 7 hire cild gif ˇær oforeaca sy; dæle hit mon hire hirede; ˇæt lond æt mundene hæbbe alfwold his dæg?e on ˇa gerad ˇe he selle ælce lengtene to brahingum. vi. mittan mealtes 7 ˇær meolo to 7 fisc 7 's'wa micel into welingum 7 to æg∂eran mynstere .iiii. swin to mærtines mæssan 7 hæbbe twa sylh∂a oxana 7 iiii. wæpmen oswig 7 his wif 7 cinesige 7 his wif 7 fr'eo'ge mon heora cyld 7 brihtwine 7 godere 7 his heord; selle man to heortfordingabyrig .iiii. oxan 7 to welingum .iiii. of ˇam tune 7 ælfwolde .x. cy. gif ˇær eaca sy; selle mon manne .ii.; 7 freoge mon bogan 7?f his hiwisc eal. 7 winsige 7 his wif 7 man 7 his wif 7 dufan ˇa ealdan 7 æˇeldry∂e 7 ˇæt lond æt mundene ofor ælfwoldes dæg sille hit mon healf into brachingum healf into welingum 7 hie singan ælce gere xxx. mæssan. 7 ˇæt lond æt standune leofsige. 7 selle man to brachingum .iiii. oxsan 7 .ii. cy ˇanan of 7 freoge man eatstan swan 7 healde his sunu ˇa heorde 7 freoge man elles ˇæt hiwisc 7 grim 7 his wif 7 eadgi∂e 7 eadflæde 7 byrnfer∂ 7 wulfrune 7 byrnstan se swan 7 hæbbe leofsige ˇæne gingran swan 7 ˇa heorde ˇe eatstan healt 7 selle man ˇær of tune wulfrice huntan. ii. oxsan. 7 twa cy 7 hæbbe leofsige eal ˇæt o∂er his dæg 7 æfter his dæge sylle hit man alfwolde ofor heora dæg into sancte albane 7 hy gesingon?g f hy?h 7 for hire hlafordes s'a'wle ælce gere xxx. mæssana. 7 xxx. saltera. 7 æfre ˇa munecas his brucen gemenelice; selle man leofsige ˇæt land æt offanlege 7 eal ˇæt seo boc tæc∂. 7 ˇæt lond æt twingum him to swinlande on ˇa gerad; ˇe he gefeormige of ˇam twam tunum ˇone hired æt sancte albane .iii. dagas ælce gere o∂∂e xvi. mittan mealtes 7 .iii. melwes 7 anne sester huniges 'of' offanlege mid ˇam lonfeo.?i 7 viii. weˇeras 7 vi. lomb 7 an slegeryˇer 7 xxx. cysa. 7 of standune anne oman wines 7 xx. cysa 7 vi. swin 7 an hry∂er?j 7 nyme man of æghwilcum tune to ˇam ˇryttyguˇan dæge gelice mycel ge of gædesdene?k ge of eallum ˇam oˇrum ˇe ˇær on lande sint; 7 freoge man æt offanlege cyneleofe 7 mærtin 7 his wif 7 deormod 7 his wif 7 bryhtware 7 ˇeodilde 7 wulfstan æt cocerenho 7 hys stwegyn suna 7 hys steopdohtur 7 ˇæt land æt weodune hæbbe leofsige on ˇa gerad ˇæt he ælce geare læde ane tunnan fulle ealo∂ for hire fæder sawle 7 hir mo'do'r 7 hire bro∂or 7 for hy selfe 7 for hire hlaford 7 gel ˇæt ˇærto gebyrge gif he bearn hæbbe selle hit him gif he næbbe selle hit on his riht cyn 7?l freoge man leofric æt weowdune 7 ælfric 7 byrhtelm 7 his sweostor. 7 ˇæt land æt offanlege selle his cilde gif he cild næbbe be rihtwife selle hit mon into sancte albane butan ˇam lande ˇe tatulf on sit 7 æˇelfer∂ 7 æˇelswi∂ selle mon ˇæt ælfgyfe hire hlafordes dohtur gif heo libbe gif heo ne lybbe selle hit mon into sancte albane 7 singe man ælce gere .xxx. mæssena. 7 xxx. saltera feor hy 7 f hire?m hlafordes sawle 7 heo bit hire hlæfdian hyre to ælmessan ˇæt ˇu hine bewite 7 he mote fylgan ˇam æˇelinge 7 ne geˇafige ˇæt hine ænig man bereauige his landa 7 ˇæt ∂u hyne hate scridad?n of ˇam lande 7 ælfwolde ˇone hagan healfne on lundanne 7 ælfhege healfne 7 ælfgife selle man ane heorde swina æt gætesdene 7 ˇone gingran swan 7 wegen men ˇæt to. 7 leofwine mire swustur sunu selle mon ˇa heorde ˇe brihtelm heold 7 his ginra sunu 7 wulfstan 7 his wif. 7 selle man leofrune mire mægan ˇæt land æt wadforda 7 æt weodune .ii. men 7 viii. oxsan. 7 hire sadulgerædo 7 hire cuppan 7 hire hornas buton hio hit ær agifen hæfde 7 ˇæt lond æt watforda ofor hire dæg hire dehter godwife æt ˇæt lond æt ˇrope selle ofor hire dæg innan hire agen cyn on ˇa gerad ˇe heo selle hire wed 7 ælc yrre forgife. 7 heo na?o mare ne bidde. gif heo nelle dæle hit man?p hire cildon 7 wulfwunne mire mægan ane bledu 7 anne preon 7 an wahrift 7 an sethregl 7 eal betstow swylce heo ˇærto betst hæf∂. 7 hire rotostan cyrtel 7 wulfmære?q hire mæge ˇa læssan seolfrenan cuppan 7 ceorfe man of hire bende witsige v mancessas buton heo hit ær gedon hæfde 7 v. leofwine wulfmæres suna 7 v. wulfmære mire swustur sunu 7 v. godwife 7 fv.?r ælfgife mire swustor dohtor. 7 selle mon beornwynne minne blæwenan cyrtel is neaˇene unrenod 7 hire betstan heafodgewædo 7 selle man lufetate 7 ælfgifu 7 godwife. hire .iii. godwebbenan cyrtlas. 7 wulfgife selle mon o∂era hire?s dunnan cyrtla. 7 sy∂ˇan dælen hiredwifmen ˇæt o∂er him betwinum 7 selle man leofsige .iii. wahrift swylce ˇær ˇonne bet sint. 7 ii. sethrægl 7 ii. betstow 7 dæle godwif 7 ælfgifu ˇa o∂ra him betwinum 7 hira ægˇer .ii. mydercan 7 leofsige hire ferdwæn 7 fo him si∂ˇon to eallum ˇam sta∂ule 7 sitte ˇæron. 7 freoge mon man hire goldsmi∂ 7 his eldestan sunu 7 ˇone ginstan 7 his wif 7 wulfrices wif ˇæs huntan 7 hira cild 7 ælfwaru heora dohtur on ˇæt gerad ˇe heo singe ælcere wucan .iiii. sealtereas binnan .xxx. nihtan 7 on xii. mo'n'∂um. ælcere wucan sealtere 7 freoge mon leofrune on ˇæt ilce rad 7 æˇelflæde. 7 freoge mon liofing æt heanhlæwe 7 hæbbe his land on ˇæt gerad ˇe he .l.e?t gare?u gemune hy 7 hyre hlaford 7 freoge mon mannes cnapan 7 heo byt for godes lufon ˇæt mon of ˇære manlafe of munde'ne' 7 æt gætesdene 7 of langanforda ˇæt man selle wulfrice 7 his wife .ii. men 7 manne 7 his wife .ii. 7 selle mon georie preoste dufan sunu æt mundene. freoge mon ˇæne sceaphirde 7 hæbbe alfwold ˇa dægan 7 gemune mon æˇeric hire godsunu mid suman men 7 selle mon æˇelwearde preoste ˇæne læssan sceaphirde 7 hæbbe ælfno∂?v godere ogen ˇæt 7 selle mon gundbuˇe æˇelferˇes sunu se healta?w cnapa 7 bogan hire preoste finde him mon of ˇære lafe anne gionne mannan gif ˇær sy gif ne?x selle mon of offanlege ane cu 7 hæbbe leofsige?y æˇelwynne 7 si∂emon 7 his wif 7 æˇewine 7 his wif 7 freoge mon hira cild 7 dudewine [Æl]fgif[e]?z hire magan cynewynne dohtor.?a2 7 godwife eadwynne?b2 7 byrnflæde butan heo sealf heo frige 7 hire o∂or selle. Eall se freot 7 eall seo ælmesse?c2 ˇe her gecweden is hyo wile ˇæt hit beo heore ælmessa for ˇon hit wæron hire hlafordes begeto. 7 heo bit hire cynehlaford him to ælmissan for his cynescipe for godes lufan 7 for sancte marigan ˇæt git ne læton nænne monnan, mid feo hire cwide awendan. leof hit becwæ∂ hire hlaford hire to sellanne ˇam ˇe hyo wolde ˇe ne gelefde hire. hire hlafordes magas ˇa lædde heo a∂ to hyccan. .xx. hund a∂a ˇær wæs ælfere on 7 ælfsige .ld?d2 7 byrnric wæs ˇa gerefa 7 ealle ˇa yldestan men to bedanforda. 7 to heortforda 7 heora wif. Ufonan?e2 ˇone cwide 7 ˇær?f2 ˇa of ærdo.de?g2 eadelm hire hlafordes swustur sunu hire lond hire æt standune ˇa sohte ic ˇæne cing 7 gesealde hym .xx. punda ˇa agef he me myn lond on his unˇonc. Heo ne anbit na hyre cynehlaforde ne hire hlæfdian ac gif hwa bidde ˇæt ∂es cwide standan ne mote wur∂e he aworpen on ˇa wynstran hand ˇonne se hælend his?h2 dom deme 7 he wur∂e gode swa la∂ swa iudas wæs ˇy hyne selfne aheng buton hio hit get self?i2 awende. 7 ˇa ne lybben ˇe hit nu becweden ys:- Latin Text from Whitelock 1968 Rubric: Hec carta loquitur de gatesdene et de reliquis. Ego Æthelgiue aperio domino meo regi. 7 regine domine mee. 7 omnibus amicis meis. quomodo testamentum meum dispono. Id est inprimis domino meo regi. xxx. mancusas auri. 7 duos equos. 7 omnes canes meos. & domine mee regine. xxx. mancusas auri. 7 terram westwicam. & sancto Albano terram que uocatur gætesdene. eo tenore ut fruantur ea fratres communiter. 7 xxxta. mancusas auri. 7 xxx. boves. xx. de gætesdene. 7 decim de acersce. 7. xx. uaccas. x. de gætesdene. 7. x. de acersce. 7 ccl. oues. 7 gregem porcorum 7 subulcum cum ipsis. 7 duos sciphos argenteos. 7 duo cornua. 7. i. librum. 7 unam cortinam. 7 unum bancale concedo cum consensu domini mei regis. & illam terram apud longaforde ælfnoto dies suos. eo tenore ut singulis annis det ad hiccam pastum trium dierum. 7 post dies suos supradictam terram. & leofwino nepoti meo unam hidam apud cliftune. 7 illam dimidiam quam winemannus habuit. & ælfwoldus terram mundene dies suos habeat. eo tenore quod dabit annis singulis in quadragesima ad brahcingum sex modios de brais. 7 ad hoc farinam 7 pisces. 7 tandundem ad wellingum. 7 ad singula monasteria quattuor porcos ad festiuitatem sancti Martini. 7 post obitum suum medietatem terre supradicte ad brahcingum. 7 medietatem ad welingum; Et leofsinus habeat Standune. & post ipsum & ifwoldus.?2 7 post mortem amborum sanctus Albanus predictam terram habeat. pro suis animabus dominorumque suorum. Et leofsius terram offanlege 7 omne quod liber docet. 7 terram tiwingum ad porcos sibi nutriendos. eo tenore ut annis singulis pro firma de istis duabus uillis omnem congregacionem sancti Albani tribus diebus pascat. aut pro firma dabit hoc quod ego testificata sum testimonio optimatum domini mei. Et terram apud weodune. 7 pro illa similiter faciat quod testificata sum. Et terram offanlege dabit filio suo si de desponsata muliere filium habet. sin autem; dabitur sancto Albano. preter illam ubi tatulwus?3 sedet. 7 æˇelferdus & æˇelswi∂. illa dabitur filie domine sue ælfgiue si adhuc vivit. si non; tota sancto Albano reddatur; & alfwoldus medi(e)tatem terre apud lundoniam habeat. 7 filius eius ælfheah medietatem. & dabitur leofrune terra watford. 7 apud weotune. duos homines. 7 octo boues. 7 cetera. Ego Æduuardus rex concessi. + Ego ˇeodredus presul. + Ego ælfhelgus. pontifex. + Ego wulgarus. episcopus. + Ego ælfricus. antistes. + Ego burgricus. episcopus. + Ego wulsius. episcopus. + Ego ælfredus. episcopus. + Ego wulfhelmus. episcopus. + Ego æˇelgarus. episcopus. + Ego Irenwaldus.?5 episcopus. + Ego wulfhelmus. episcopus. + Ego Irynsius.?5 episcopus. + Ego æˇelwaldus. episcopus. + Eowul subregulus. + Eadgarus 7weling.?6 + Wulgarus comes. Ego oda archiepiscopus. + Ethelstanus. + dux. Eˇelwaldus. + dux. Eˇelmundus. + dux. Alhelmus. + dux. Eˇelstanus. + dux. Eadricus. + dux. Vhtredus. + dux. Acule.?4 + dux. Haldene. + dux. Hi omnes subscribentes. donum regis roborabant. Quinquaginta nomismata auri cocti. æˇelricus dedit ualde letus largo regi cyrtlinctune. clata?7 mente. ut gæterdena?8 permaneret sancto Albano. magnis rebus ac modicis fruentibus monachis confirmata. Qui hoc contradixerit; anathema sit. Witness List to Latin Abstract from Bollandist MS 157 (S 1497 MS 3) Ego Eadmundus rex consensi. Ego Oda Archiepiscopus Ego Wulfstanus Archiepiscopus Ego Theodorus Presul Ego Ethelgarus Pontifex Ego Wulgarus Episcopus Ego Elfricus Antistes Ego Burgricus Episcopus Ego Wulsius Episcopus Ego Elfredus Episcopus Ego Wulfhelmus Episcopus Ego Ethelgarus Episcopus Ego Konwaldus Episcopus Ego Wulfhelmus Episcopus Ego Kynsius Episcopus Ego Ethelwaldus Episcopus owol subregulus. Eadgarus Etheling Wulgarus Comes Ethelstanus dux Ethelwaldus dux Ethelmundus dux Aethelmus dux Ethelstanus dux Eadricus dux Uthtredus dux Acule dux Haldene dux