A.D. 805 x 810 (or 805 x 815). Oswulf, aldormonn, and Beornthryth, his wife, to Christ Church, Canterbury; grant of 20 sulungs at Stanhamstead (in Aldington), Kent, with confirmation by Archbishop Wulfred. English

Archive:

Canterbury, Christ Church

MSS:

1. London, British Library, Cotton Augustus ii. 79 (s. ix; BM Facs., i. 15; Keller 1906, no. 1)
2. London, Lambeth Palace Library, 1212, pp. 406-407 (s. xiii)

Printed:

K, 226; Sweet, OET, pp. 443-4 (no. 37); B, 330; Earle, pp. 79-81; Pierquin, Recueil, pt 1, no. 128; Sweet, Reader, pp. 197-8; Sweet, Second Reader, pp. 208-10 (no. 21)

Printed and Translated:

Thorpe, pp. 459-62; Harmer, SEHD, no. 1 (pp. 1-2, 39-40)

Comments:

Harmer, SEHD, pp. 69-75; Wallenberg, KPN, pp. 109-11, on place-names; Campbell 1938, p. 144, copy of original, Kentish dialect; Parsons 1939, p. 14, genuine and contemporary; Sisam 1953, p. 154, cited; Sweet, Reader, p. 287; Hughes 1971, p. 60, on reference to psalter; Finberg 1972, p. 421, on food distribution; Brooks 1984, pp. 138, 361 n. 76; Crick 1988, pp. 252, 265-6, drafted and written in 840s; Fleming 1993, pp. 115-16; Keynes 1993a, p. 116, on Oswulf; Keynes 1996, p. 54, on commemorative aspect; Lowe 2001, Appendix I.1; Pratt, Alfred, p. 244, on liturgical commemoration

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    • (a) + Ic Osuulf aldormonn mid Godes gæfe ond Beornðryð min gemecca sellað to Cantuarabyrg to Cristes cirican ðæt lond æt Stanham stede .xx. swuluncga Gode allmehtgum 7 ðere halgon gesomnuncgæ fore hyhte 7 fore aedleane ðæs aecan 7 ðaes towardon lifes . 7 fore uncerra saula hela 7 uncerra bearna . Ond mid micelre eaðmodnisse biddað ðæt wit moten bion on ðem gemanon ðe ðaer Godes ðiowas siondan 7 ða menn ða ðaer hlafordas wæron 7 ðara monna ðe hiora lond to ðaere cirican saldon . ond ðættæ mon unce tide ymb tuælfmonað mon geuueorðiæ on godcundum godum 7 æc on aelmessan suæ mon hiora doeð. (b) Ic ðonne Uulfred mid Godes gaefe archiepiscopus ðas forecuaedenan uuord fulliae 7 bebeode ðæt mon ymb tuælfmonað hiora tid boega ðus geuueorðiae to anes daeges to Osuulfes tide ge mid godcundum godum ge mid aelmessan ge aec mid higna suesendum . Ðonne bebeode ic ðaet mon ðas ðing selle ymb tuælfmonað of Liminum ðe ðis forecuaede\ne/ lond to limpeð of ðaem ilcan londe æt Stanham stede .cxx. huaetenra hlafa . 7 .xxx. clenra . 7 an hriðer dugunde . 7 .iiii. scep . 7 tua flicca . 7 .v. goes . 7 .x. hennfuglas . 7 .x. pund caeses gif hit fugul daeg sie . Gif hit ðonne festen dæg sie . selle mon uuege cæsa 7 fisces 7 butran 7 aegera ðaet mon begeotan maege, 7 .xxx. ombra godes uuelesces aloð . ðet limpeð to .xv. mittum . 7 mittan fulne huniges . oðða tuegen uuines . sue hwaeder suae mon ðonne begeotan maege Ond of higna gemenum godum ðaer aet ham mon geselle .cxx. gesuflra hlafa to aelmessan for hiora saula . suae mon aet hlaforda tidum doeð . Ond ðas forecuedenan suesenda all agefe mon ðem reogolwarde 7 he brytnie swæ higum maest red sie 7 ðaem sawlum soelest . Aec mon ðaet weax agæfe to ciricican 7 hiora sawlum nytt gedoe ðe hit man fore doeð . Aec ic bebeode minum aefter fylgendum ðe ðaet lond hebben aet Burnan ðaet hiae simle ymb .xii. monað foran to ðære tide gegeorwien ten hund hlafa 7 swae feola sufla 7 ðet mon gedele to aelmessan aet ðere tide . fore mine sawle 7 Osuulfes 7 Beornðryðe \aet Cristes cirican/ 7 him se reogolweord on byrg gebeode foran to hwonne sio tid sie. Aec ic bidde higon ðette hie ðas godcundan god gedon aet ðere tide fore hiora sawlum . ðaet eghwilc messepriost gesinge fore Osuulfes sawle twa messan twa fore Beornðryðe sawle . 7 aeghwilc diacon arede twa passione fore his sawle twa fore hire ond eghwilc godes ðiow gesinge twa fiftig fore his sawle twa fore hire . ðaette ge fore uueorolde sien geblitsade mid ðem weoroldcundum godum 7 hiora saula mid ðem godcundum godum . Aec ic biddo higon ðaet ge me ge mynen aet ðere tide mid suilce godcunde gode suilce iow cynlic ðynce . Ic ðe ðas gesettnesse sette gehueder ge for higna lufon ge ðeara saula ðe haer beforan hiora namon auuritene siondon . UALETE IN DOMINO.
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    • I Oswulf, ealdorman by God’s grace, and Beornthryth my wife, give to Christ Church in Canterbury the land at Stanhamstede, twenty sulungs, to God Almighty and to the holy community, for the hope and for the reward of the eternal and the future life, and for the salvation of our souls and those of our children. And with great humility we ask that we might be in the fellowship of those who are God’s servants there, and of those who have been lords there, and of those who have given their lands to the church, and that our anniversary be celebrated every year with religious offices and also with the distribution of alms, as theirs are. (b) Now I Wulfred, by God’s grace archbishop, confirm these aforesaid words and ask that the anniversary of them both shall be that celebrated every year on one day, on Oswulf’s anniversary, both with religious offices and with almsgiving and also with a feast of the community. Now I ask that these things be given every year from Lympne, to which the aforesaid land belongs, from that land at Stanhamstede: 120 wheaten loaves [i.e., wholemeal], and thirty ‘clean’ loaves [i.e. made with refined flour], and one full-grown bullock, and four sheep, and two flitches, and five geese, and ten hens, and ten pounds of cheese if it be a meat-eating day (but if it be a fast-day they are to give a wey of cheese, and of fish, butter and eggs as much as they can get), and thirty ambers of good Welsh ale (which amounts to 15 mittan), and a mitta full of honey or two of wine, whatever they can get at the time. And from the common provisions of the community, at the minster itself, they are to give 120 gesufl loaves [i.e., loaves with a filling] as alms for their souls, as is done at the anniversaries of lords. And the above-mentioned provisions are all to be given to the provost [‘rule-ward’; reogolwarde] and he is to distribute them as is best for the community and most useful for their souls. In addition, the wax is to be given to the church, in order that the souls of those for whose sake this is done may be benefited. Furthermore, I request my successors who have the land at Bishopsbourne, that they every year for the anniversary prepare beforehand 1000 loaves and as many sufla, and that these be given in alms [at Christ Church] on the anniversary for my soul and those of Oswulf and Beornthryth. And the provost is is to proclaim in the city when the anniversary is to take place. And I ask the community that they perform these religious offices at the anniversary for their souls: that every priest sing two masses for Oswulf’s soul and two for Beornthryth’s; and every deacon read two passions for his soul and two for hers; and every servant of God sing two ‘fifties’ for his soul and two for hers; that you may be blessed in the sight of the world with worldly benefits, and their sould may be blessed with heavenly benefits. Also I ask the community that you remember me at the anniversary with such divine service as may seem to you fitting — I, who have confirmed this agreement both for love of the community and for the souls of those whose names are written above. FAREWELL IN THE LORD.
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    • Endorsements: (1) in a nearly contemporary hand: ˝is is gesetnes [O]sulf[es 7] Biarn∂ry∂e. (2) in a hand of s. xii, the date having been added later: Anno dcccvi Osulfus alderman dedit Stanhamstede ecclesie Christi tempore Wlfredi archiepiscopi. Anglice. + Ic Oswulf aldormonn mid Godes gæfe ond Beorn∂ry∂ min gemecca sella∂ to Cantuarabyrg to Cristes cirican ∂æt lond æt Stanhamstede, xx swuluncga, Gode allmehtgum 7 ∂ere halgon gesomnuncgæ, fore hyhte 7 fore aedleane ∂æs aecan 7 ∂æs towardon lifes 7 fore uncerra saula hela 7 uncerra bearna. Ond mid micelre ea∂modnisse bidda∂ ∂æt wit moten bion on ∂em gemanon ∂e ∂aer Godes ∂iowas siondan 7 ∂a menn ∂a ∂aer hlafordas wæron 7 ∂ara monna ∂e hiora lond to ∂aere cirican saldon; ond ∂ættæ mon unce tide ymb tuælf mona∂ mon geweor∂iæ on godcundum godum 7 æc on aelmessan suæ mon hiora doe∂. Ic ∂onne Uulfred mid Godes gaefe archiepiscopus ∂as forecuaedenan word fulliae, 7 bebeode ∂æt mon ymb tuælf mona∂ hiora tid boega ∂us geweor∂iae to anes daeges to Osuulfes tide ge mid godcundum godum ge mid aelmessan ge aec mid higna suesendum. ˘onne bebeode ic ∂aet mon ∂as ∂ing selle ymb tuælf mona∂ of Liminum, ∂e ∂is forecuaede'ne' lond to limpe∂, of ∂aem ilcan londe æt Stanhamstede: cxx huaetenra hlafa 7 xxx clenra 7 an hri∂er dugunde 7 iiii scEp 7 tua flicca 7 v goes 7 x hennfuglas 7 x pund caeses, gif hit fuguldaeg sie -- gif hit ∂onne festendæg sie, selle mon uuEge cæsa, 7 fisces 7 butran 7 aegera ∂aet mon begeotan maege -- 7 xxx ombra godes uuelesces alo∂, ∂et limpe∂ to xv mittum, 7 mittan fulne huniges o∂∂a tuEgen uuines, suE hwaeder suae mon ∂onne begeotan maege. Ond of higna gemEnum godum ∂aer aet ham, mon geselle cxx gesuflra hlafa to aelmessan for hiora saula suae mon aet hlaforda tidum doe∂. Ond ∂as forecuEdenan suEsenda all agefe mon ∂Em reogolwarde 7 he brytniE swæ higum maest red sie 7 ∂aem sawlum soelest. Aec mon ∂aet weax agæfe to cirican?1 7 hiora sawlum nytt gedoe ∂e hit man fore doe∂. Aec ic bebeode minum aefterfylgendum ∂e ∂aet lond hEbben aet Burnan ∂aet hiae simle ymb xii mona∂ foran to ∂ære tide gegeorwien ten hund hlafa 7 swae feola sufla; 7 ∂Et mon gedele to aelmessan aet ∂ere tide fore mine sawle 7 Osuulfes 7 Beorn∂ry∂e 'aet Cristes cirican'; 7 him se reogolweord on byrg gebeode foran to hwonne sio tid sie. Aec ic bidde higon ∂ette hie ∂as godcundan god gedon aet ∂ere tide fore hiora sawlum: ∂aet Eghwilc messepriost gesinge fore Osuulfes sawle twa messan, twa fore Beorn∂ry∂e sawle; 7 aeghwilc diacon arede twa passione fore his sawle, twa for hire; ond Eghwilc Godes ∂iow gesinge twa fiftig fore his sawle, twa fore hire; ∂aette ge fore uueorolde sien geblitsade mid ∂em weoroldcundum godum 7 hiora saula mid ∂em godcundum godum. Aec ic biddo higon ∂aet ge me gemynen aet ∂ere tide mid suilce godcunde gode suilce iow cynlic ∂ynce, ic ∂e ∂as gesettnesse sette gehueder ge for higna lufon ge ∂eara saula ∂e haer beforan hiora namon awritene siondon. Valete in Domino.