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  • Regnante Domino nostro inperpetuum. Dum in nostris temporibus bellorum incendia et direptione<s> opium nostrarum, necnon et uastantium crudelissima depredatione hostium, barbararum paganorumque gentium, multiplici tribulatione affligentium, usque ad internitionem, <tempora> cernimus incumbere periculosa. Quamobrem ego Ethelwlfus rex Occidentalium Saxonum, cum consilio episcoporum ac principum meorum, consilium salubre atque uniforme remedium affirmaui: ut aliquam portionem terrarum hereditarium antea possidentibus omnibus gradibus, siue famulis et famulabus Dei Deo seruientibus, siue laicis, semper decimam mansionem — ubi minimum sit tamen decimam partem — in libertatem perpetuam perdonare diiudicaui; ut sit <tuta atque munita> ab omnibus secularibus seruitutis fiscis, regalibus tributis, maioribus et minoribus, siue taxationibus quod nos dicimus uuitereden; sitque <libera> omnium rerum, pro remissione animarum et peccatorum nostrorum, Deo soli ad seruiendum; sine expeditione et pontis instructione et arcis munitione; ut eo diligentius pro nobis ad Deum preces sine cessatione fundant, quo eorum seruitutem secularem in aliqua parte leuigamus. Placuit autem tunc postea episcopis Alhstano Scireburnensis ecclesie et Helmstano Wintanceastrensis ecclesie cum suis abbatibus et seruis Dei consilium inire, ut omnes fratres et sorores nostri <in unaquaque ecclesia> omni ebdomada Mercoris die, hoc est Wodnesdag, omnis congregatio cantet quinquaginta psalmos et unusquisque presbiter duas missas, unam pro rege Æthelwlfo et aliam pro ducibus eius huic dono consentientibus, pro mercede et refrigerio delictorum suorum. Pro rege uiuente: Deus qui iustificas. Pro ducibus uiuentibus: Pretende Domine. Postquam autem defuncti fuerint: pro rege defuncto singulariter; pro principibus defunctis communiter. Et hoc sit tam firmiter constitutum omnibus diebus Christianitatis, quasi libertas constituta est, quamdiu fides crescit in gente Anglorum. Et hoc sub testimonio satrapum nostrorum plurimorum ad confirmatione quorum nomina subter annexa notantur. Scripta est autem hec donationis cartula anno dominice incarnationis .dcccxliiii, indictione .vii., die quoque <? quinque> nonas Nouembris, in ciuitate Wentana, in ecclesia sancti Petri ante altare capitale. Et hoc fecerunt pro honore sancti Michaelis archangeli et sancte Marie regine gloriose Dei genitricis simulque et beati Petri apostolorum principis necnon et sancti patris nostri Gregorii pape atque omnium sanctorum. Et tunc pro ampliore firmitate rex Æthelwlfus posuit cartulam supra altare sancti Petri, et episcopi pro fide Dei acceperunt et postea per omnes ecclesias transmiserunt in suis parrochiis, secundum quod predictum est. Terra autem ista quam in libertatem ponamus ad Maldumesburg ecclesiam pertinet: ðet is æt Ellendune ðrittig hide 7 æt Elhamstede fiftiene hida; on Wudutune tien hide; on Cheorletune tuentig hide; on Mintige fif hida; æt Reodburnan tien hida. Et qui hoc augere uoluerit, augeat Deus bona illius in regione uiuentium. Si quis autem, diabolica fraude deceptus, in magnis aut in modicis hoc infringere uel minuere temptauerit, sit anathematizatus ab omnibus fidelibus hic et in futuro seculo, nisi ante per satisfactionem emendauerit. + Ego Æthelwlf rex consensi et subscripsi. + Elmstan episcopus subscripsi. + Alstan episcopus subscripsi. + Æthelwlf dux subscripsi. + Osric dux subscripsi. + Eanwlf dux subscripsi. + Ælthelric dux subscripsi. + Eanwlf dux subscripsi. + Cearl dux subscripsi. + Æthelmund abbas subscripsi. + Wlflaf abbas subscripsi. + Beorhtelm abbas subscripsi. + Ægheard minister. + Milred minister. + Osmund + Ælla + Kyneheah + Wlfhere + Alhstan + Ceolmund + Wichtgar + Kyneheah + Dudda + Æthelred + Cealmund + Eadred + Æthelbald + Lulling
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  • Our Lord ruling forever. While in our times from the fires of wars and the pillaging of our wealth, and also from the very cruel plundering of ravaging enemies, of barbarian and pagan peoples, [and] from the manifold distress of those afflicted to the extent of their total destruction, we perceive that dangerous times press upon us. Wherefore, I, Æthelwulf, king of the West Saxons, with the advice of my bishops and principes, have confirmed a beneficial plan and a remedy of a single kind: I have determined to give in perpetual liberty to persons of all stations formerly possessing some portion of hereditary lands, whether servants and handmaidens of God serving God or laymen, always a tenth hide—where it may be very small, still a tenth part—so that it will be safe and protected from all secular taxes, royal tributes, greater and lesser, and the taxes which we call witereden; and may it be free from all claims, for the forgiveness of our souls and our sins, for the service of God alone, except for military service and the bridge-construction and fortress-protection, so that they may the more diligently pour forth prayers without ceasing to God for us, [by the degree to] which we relieve in some part their secular service. Then afterwards it was pleasing to the bishops Ealhstan of the church of Sherborne and Helmstan of the church of Winchester to form a plan with their abbots and the servants of God that all our brethren and sisters in each church weekly on the day of Mercury, that is, Wednesday, the whole congregation should sing fifty psalms and each priest two masses, one for King Æthelwulf and the other for his duces for agreeing to this gift, in recompense and mitigation for their sins. For the living king: ‘God Who pardons’. For living duces: ‘Stretch forth, o Lord’. Afterwards they who were dead: for a dead king, individually; for dead principes, as a whole. And this was very firmly decided for all the days of Christianity, just as a liberty was decided, as long as faith grows among the English people. And this by the witness of very many of our noblemen in confirmation, whose names are recorded annexed below. This charter of gift was written in the year of the Lord's incarnation 844, in indiction 7, on the 1st of November, in the city of Winchester, in the church of St Peter, before the main altar. And they did this in honour of St Michael the Archangel and St Mary, the glorious queen, the mother of God, and of the blessed Peter, Prince of the Apostles, and also of our holy father, Pope Gregory and all the saints. And then for further support Æthelwulf placed the charter on the altar of St Peter, and the bishops received it in the name of God and afterwards sent it to all the churches in their dioceses, in accordance with what was prescribed. That land which we placed in liberty, belongs to the church of Malmesbury: that is, thirty hides at Wroughton and fifteen hides at Elhamstede; ten hides at Wootton (?Bassett); twenty hides at Charlton; five hides at Minety; ten hides at Rodbourne. And he who might wish to increase this, may God increase his prosperity in the land of the living. If, however, anyone, beguiled by diabolical deceit, should attempt to violate or reduce this in greater or lesser ways, may he be accursed by all the faithful in this world and in the world to come, unless he atone before [this] through penance. + I, Æthelwulf, king, agreed and subscribed. + Helmstan, bishop [of Winchester], subscribed. + Ealhstan, bishop [of Sherborne], subscribed. + Æthelwulf, dux, subscribed. + Osric, dux, subscribed. + Eanwulf, dux, subscribed. + Æthelric, dux, subscribed. + Eanwulf, dux, subscribed. + Ceorl, dux, subscribed. + Æthelmund, abbot, subscribed. + Wulflaf, abbot, subscribed. + Beorhthelm, abbot, subscribed. + Ecgheard, minister. + Milred, minister. + Osmund + Ælla + Cyneheah + Wulfhere + Ealhstan + Ceolmund + Wihtgar + Cyneheah + Dudda + Æthelred + Ceolmund + Eadred + Æthelbald + Lulling
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  • Quomodo Athelwlfus rex decimavit terram suam Deo 7 sancte ecclesie sue 7 quota parte huius decime Meldunensam ecclesiam ditaverit. Regnante domino nostro imperpetuum . Dum in nostris temporibus bellorum incendia . 7 direpcione opium nostrarum necnon 7 vastancium crudelissima deprædacione hostium barbarorum paganorumque gencium multiplici tribulacione affligencium usque ad internicionem tempora cernimus incumbere periculosa . Quamobrem ego Ethelwlfus rex occidentalium Saxonum cum consilio episcoporum ac principum meorum consilium salubre atque uniforme remedium affirmavi . ut aliquam porcionem terrarum hereditarium antea possidentibus gradibus omnibus sive famulis 7 famulabus Dei Deo servientibus . sive laicis ; semper decimam mansionem ; ubi minimum sit . tamen decimam partem in libertatem perpetuam perdonare dijudicavi ut sit tutus atque munitus ab omnibus secularibus servitutis . fiscis regalibus tributis majoribus 7 minoribus . sive taxationibus quod nos dicimus Uuitereden . Sitque liber omnium rerum pro remissione animarum 7 peccatorum nostrorum Deo soli ad serviendum sine expeditione 7 pontis instructione . 7 arcis municione . ut eo diligencius pro nobis ad Deum preces sine cessacione fundant . quo eorum servitutem secularem in aliqua parte levigamus . Placuit autem tunc postea episcopis Alhstano Shcireburnensis ecclesie . 7 Helmstano Wyntanceastrensis ecclesie cum suis abbatibus 7 servis Dei consilium inire . ut omnes fratres et sorores nostri ad unamquamque ecclesiam omni ebdomada Mercoris die id est Wodnesdag . omnis congregacio cantent quinquaginta psalmos . 7 unusquisque presbiter duas missas . unam pro rege Athelwlfo . 7 aliam pro ducibus ejus huic dono consencientibus pro mercede et refrigerio delictorum suorum . Pro rege vivente ; 'Deus qui justificas' . Pro ducibus viventibus ; 'Pretende domine' . Postquam autem defuncti fuerint ; pro rege defuncto singulariter . pro principibus defunctis ; communiter . Et hoc sit tam firmiter constitutum omnibus diebus christianitatis quasi libertas constituta est quamdiu fides crescit in gente Anglorum . Et hoc sub testimonio satrapum nostrorum plurimorum ad confirmacionem quorum nomina subter annexa notantur . Scripta est autem hæc donacio cartula anno dominicæ incarnacionis .dcccxliiii. indictione .vii. die quoque Nonas Novembris . In civitate Wentana in ecclesia sancti Petri ante altare capitale . Et hoc fecerunt pro honore sancti Michaelis archangeli 7 sancte Marie regine gloriose Dei genitricis . simulque 7 beati Petri apostolorum principis . necnon 7 sancti patris nostri Gregorii pape . atque omnium sanctorum . Et tunc pro ampliori firmitate Rex Aethelwlfus posuit cartulam supra altare sancti Petri 7 episcopi pro fide Dei acceperunt . 7 postea per omnes ecclesias transmiserunt in suis parrochiis secundum quod prædictum est . Terra autem ista quam in libertatem ponanus ad Meldunesburg ecclesiam pertinet . ˇæt is at ellendune ˇrity hyde . And et Elmhamstede fyftene hyde . 7 Wttune tien hyde . 7 Cherltune Tuentiz hyde . 7 Minty uif hyde . at Rodburne tien hyde . Et qui hoc augere voluerit ; augeat Deus bona illius in regione vivencium . Si quis autem diabolica fraude deceptus in magnis aut in modicis hoc infringere vel minuere temptaverit ; sit anathematizatus ab omnibus fidelibus hic 7 in futuro seculo nisi antea per satisfaccionem emendaverit . Ego Athelwlf rex . consensi 7 subscripsi . Ego Elmstan episcopus . subscripsi . Alstan episcopus . subscripsi . Aethelwlf dux . subscripsi . Osrich dux subscripsi . Eanwlf dux . subscripsi . Aetherich dux . subscripsi . Canwlf dux . subscripsi . Cearl dux . subscripsi . Aethelmund abbas . subscripsi . Wlflaf abbas . subscripsi . Beorhtelm abbas . subscripsi . Aegheard minister . Milred minister . Osmund . Aella . Wlfhere . Alastan . Ceolmund . Kyneheheah . Kyneheah . Dudda . Aethelred . Wichtgar . Eadred . Aethelbald . Lulling . Cealmund .